These are large companies that operate in multiple countries. They typically have headquarters in one country and subsidiaries, branches, or operations in others. Examples include Apple Inc., Google (Alphabet Inc.), and Toyota. NGOs are typically nonprofit organizations that operate independently of governments. They often focus on humanitarian, environmental, or social issues. Examples include Amnesty International, Doctors Without Borders, and Greenpeace. IGOs are entities formed by governments to address issues of common concern. They often have a global or regional scope. Examples include the United Nations (UN), World Bank, and International Monetary Fund (IMF).
These are similar to NGOs but may have a broader scope or focus on specific international issues. Examples include the Red Cross/Red Crescent Movement, Oxfam International, and CARE. These are networks of activists, scholars, and organizations that collaborate across borders to promote particular causes or norms. Examples include the Global Climate Action Network (CAN) and the International Campaign to Ban Landmines.
Global Professional Associations: These are organizations that bring together professionals from a particular industry or field globally. Examples include the World Health Organization (WHO) for healthcare professionals and the International Bar Association (IBA) for lawyers.
